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History of rail transport in Israel : ウィキペディア英語版
History of rail transport in Israel

==In the beginning: Ottoman Empire==
Sir Moses Montefiore, in 1839, was an early proponent of trains in the land of Israel. However, the first railroad in Eretz Yisrael, also known as Palestine, was the Jaffa-Jerusalem railway, which opened on September 26, 1892. A trip along the line took 3 hours and 30 minutes.〔 This line had been built by French interests.〔 The second line in what is now Israel was the Jezreel Valley railway from Haifa to Beit She’an, which had been built in 1904〔 as part of the Haifa-Daraa branch, a 1905-built feeder line of the Hejaz Railway which ran from Medina to Damascus.〔 At the time, the Ottoman Empire ruled the Levant, but was a declining power and would succumb in World War I. During the Ottoman era, the network grew: Nablus, Kalkiliya, and Beersheba all gained train stations.〔 The First World War brought yet another rail line: the Turkish military laid tracks from Beersheba to Kadesh Barnea, somewhere on the Sinai Peninsula.〔 (This line ran through trains from Afula through Tulkarm.〔)

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